Authors
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Massé Bamba
Laboratory of industrial synthesis processes, the environment and new energies, Joint Research and Innovation Unit in the Sciences of Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny
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Edja Florentin Assanvo
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Physico-Chemistry of the Environment, Training and Research Center, Faculty of Fundamental and Applied Science, Nangui Abrogoua University
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Esaïe Kouadio Appiah Kouassi
Laboratory of industrial synthesis processes, the environment and new energies, Joint Research and Innovation Unit in the Sciences of Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny
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Doudjo Soro
Laboratory of industrial synthesis processes, the environment and new energies, Joint Research and Innovation Unit in the Sciences of Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny
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Leygnima Yaya Ouattara
Laboratory of industrial synthesis processes, the environment and new energies, Joint Research and Innovation Unit in the Sciences of Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny
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Kouassi Benjamin Yao
Laboratory of industrial synthesis processes, the environment and new energies, Joint Research and Innovation Unit in the Sciences of Chemical, Food, Environmental and Energy Processes, National Polytechnic Institute Félix Houphouët-Boigny
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Allali Patrick Drogui
National Institute for Scientific Research -Water, Earth and Environment, University of Quebec
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Dayal Rajeshwar Tyagi
National Institute for Scientific Research -Water, Earth and Environment, University of Quebec
Keywords:
CPH (Cocoa pod husk), Cellulose triacetate, Cellulose, Acetylation, Degree of substitution
Abstract
The valorisation of agricultural residues into a high value-added product is necessary to respond to the global environmental concerns caused by the pollution of agricultural waste. The objective of this study was to shed light on a new value-added usage of cocoa pod husk (CPH) for the synthesis of cellulose triacetate (CTA). Alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (5 wt%) followed by bleaching process with (2 wt%) hydrogen peroxide was found effective for the extraction of cellulose from CPH. The percentage of cellulose obtained was 80.5% with a yield of 54%. The CTA was synthesised by a explore new way acetylation reaction in the presence of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulphuric acid. The CTA obtained had a degree of substitution of 2.87 and a percentage of acetylated group of 43.8%, as determined by titration. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the appearance of the stretching of the ester and the acetyl groups, indicating the formation of CTA. X-ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity index of CPH cellulose was 38.4%, while indicating the semi-crystalline nature of CTA produced. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a change in the morphology of CTA after acetylation. X-ray energy dispersive analysis showed that the CTA was mainly composed of carbon and oxygen.
