Effects of Pine Rosin on the Degradation of Mechanical Performance in Flax-Reinforced Polymeric Composites after Soil Burial at Low Temperatures

Abstract

The effect of pine rosin (RO) was studied relative to the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), starch-based polymer (Mater-Bi), and PLA-flax composites. It was hypothesized that rosin can alter – either speed up or slow down – biodegradation in plastics depending on the specific species of polymer. The biodegradation was brought about by soil burial over 56 days. First, the effect of rosin was studied alone without any effects of soil burial. Second, the effects of soil burial were studied in terms of biodegradation. The results showed that RO increased the degree of crystallinity (+100%) and Young’s modulus (+14%) of PLA. For Mater-Bi, RO decreased the strength by 22% and led to brittleness (56% lower ultimate strain) of the specimens. After 56 days of soil burial, the presence of RO in PLA was found to speed up the degradation when compared to pure PLA (the decrease of strength was 9.3% and 6.6%, respectively). For Mater-Bi, the RO blending led to 2.1% slower biodegradation of strength during 56 days of soil burial. The effect of RO, in terms of affecting the biodegradation, was comparable in flax-reinforced and non-reinforced PLA. The strength of the fiber-matrix bonding remained equal for RO-impregnated fibers compared to the as-received flax fibers.