Authors
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Yinghui Wang
College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Magnesium and Calcium Inorganic Functional Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of Magnesium and Calcium Resources, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning, 110142, China
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Jiao Ma
College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Magnesium and Calcium Inorganic Functional Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of Magnesium and Calcium Resources, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning, 110142, China
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Qiang Zheng
College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Magnesium and Calcium Inorganic Functional Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of Magnesium and Calcium Resources, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning, 110142, China
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Yali Ma
College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Magnesium and Calcium Inorganic Functional Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of Magnesium and Calcium Resources, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning, 110142, China
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Songyan Jia
Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
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Xue Li
College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Magnesium and Calcium Inorganic Functional Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of Magnesium and Calcium Resources, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning, 110142, China
Keywords:
Long-chain levulinate, Heterogeneous phosphotungstate, Furfuryl alcohol, Liquid fuel, Biomass
Abstract
The synthesis of alternative fuels from biomass has emerged to be a vital strategy to maintain sustainable development. Long-chain levulinate esters (LEs) are a class of good biofuel candidates because they have similar structures to biodiesels and superior heating values. The synthesis of long-chain LEs with effective heterogeneous catalysts has always been challenging. In this work, a few heterogeneous phosphotungstate catalysts were facilely prepared, among which the V3+ exchanged phosphotungstic acid catalyst (VPW) was the most active for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 1-hexanol into 1-hexyl levulinate (HL). A maximum HL yield of 63% was achieved at 180 °C. The VPW catalyst could be reused without obvious decrement of activity. The system was also applicable to the alcoholysis of FA with other hexanols and 1-octanol into various long-chain LEs.
