Authors
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Liangsong Cheng
College of Art and Design, Huainan Normal University, 232038, Anhui, Huainan, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China; Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Tianyi Zhan
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
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Henri Vahabi
Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
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Isabelle Ziegler-Devin
Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Karina Antoun
Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Zehui Ju
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China; Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Laurent Chrusciel
Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Xiaoning Lu
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
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Nicolas Brosse
Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois–Green Process for Wood (LERMaB-GP4W), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Keywords:
Beech wood, Steam explosion, Phosphorylation, Thermal stability, Flame-retardancy
Abstract
An environmentally friendly approach was studied for improving the fire retardancy of beech wood using a steam explosion process coupled with a phosphorylation reaction. Raw beech, steam-exploded, or bleached wood was subjected to phosphorylation employing etidronic acid (HEDP) and urea, and the resulting chemical composition and thermal behavior were analyzed using techniques such as elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ionic chromatography, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. The thermal performance of beech wood underwent significant enhancements after the steam explosion treatment combined with soda impregnation. It resulted in a striking reduction in heat release rates (HRR), especially its peak (pHRR) and time-to-pHRR (TpHRR) values (from 139.5 W/g and 365 °C to 40 W/g and 247 °C) and an increase in residue from 10.5% to 41.3%. The results demonstrate that the process created a self-extinguishing and non-flammable material that exhibited noteworthy flame retardancy improvement.
