Effect of Processing Temperature and Polymer Types on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber Composites

Abstract

Bamboo fiber was extracted after alkaline treatment, and the mechanical properties of fibers and polymer composites were measured. The results showed that the strength of bamboo fiber was higher when the diameter was smaller. Smaller diameter bamboo fibers were dense, while larger diameter ones were composed of vascular bundles, which contained inside voids and outside parts having insufficient lignification. Tensile tests were conducted on bamboo fibers after heating at constant temperatures, and a significant decrease in mechanical properties was observed at heating temperatures above 250 °C. Bamboo fibers were compounded with PE, PA12, ABS, PA6, and biobased PC (Durabio), and injection-molded to prepare the composite specimens for flexural testing. The composite of polyethylene with 30 wt% bamboo exhibited considerably high flexural modulus compared to pure PE. Nevertheless, a large plastic deformation, which was equivalent to that of pure PE was observed. In other polymer composites, those flexural moduli increased, and degree of plastic deformation decreased dramatically, leading to brittleness. For PA6, which was molded above 250 °C, the increment in flexural modulus by fibers was less than the other composites due to the thermal decomposition of the fibers.