A Systematic Classification and Typological Assessment Method for Mortise and Tenon Joints

Abstract

The classification of Mortise and Tenon (MT) joints is vital, as it enables standardized terminology, facilitates comparative analysis, and enhances understanding of construction techniques across a variety of applications including the design, manufacturing, and management of wood products. Although the classification of MT joints is crucial, current research in this area lacks a systematic approach. The study adopts a morphological composition paradigm to investigate MT joints. This study introduces a 6-level classification index hierarchy for MT morphology, employing methods from biological classification and arithmetic cross-method coding. By encoding joint features and morphological composition, the study delineates 352 possible joint types and 1056 theoretical compositions across dimensions, elucidating diverse structural logics and aiding comprehension. Next, a feasibility typicality assessment identifies 198 typical and 310 atypical morphological types, presented clearly in graphical form. Validations are conducted through analysis of 2654 research cases, which are encoded according to the index hierarchy, thereby affirming the scientific validity and practical utility of the classification system.